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U thru Z

U

ultrafast - Never hyphenated.

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ultrashort - Never hyphenated.

 

United States, USA, US - Spell out where appropriate and as a parenthetical after people of corporations. Only use USA if there space constraints or in the date and location of a press release, and do not use periods in the initialism. When using the initialism US - before dollars or governmental titles or the like - never use periods.

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Universe - The cosmos, is always capitalized, but "universe" when referring to a particular sphere of activity, interest, or experience.

 

V

versus, vs - Spell out in copy. Only use the abbreviation in a figure caption, table, or callout. The abbreviation is suitable for social media too.

W

wavelength - Never hyphenated.

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webpage - One word, never two or hyphenated.


which, that

Which is used if the clause in question can be omitted without changing the meaning of the sentence. "Which" nearly always follows a comma. 

Example: The team, which won the championship last year, begins its new season this week.

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That is used for essential clauses. Meaning if the clause cannot be omitted, use "that." Do not use a comma before.

Example: The team that won the championship last year is stronger than ever.

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XYZ

X-ray

X-ray is the adjective, noun, and verb form.

Example: "Developing X-ray sources using petawatt laser systems."

Example: "Laser system generates soft X-rays for practical applications."

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Only capitalize the "X" as in X-ray, never X-Ray.

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zeros - Not zeroes.

 

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